Laboratory for Leisure, Tourism & Sport

University of Connecticut

Sport Sponsorship (#39)

Compiled by: Douglas Blais, Ph.D. candidate in Sport Management

EMAIL: DBLAIS@MINERVA.NHC.EDU

203 References

Updated 1/99


 

A sporting chance. (1998, May). China Economic Review, 8, 5, 26.

Aaker, D.A. (1996). Building Strong brands. New York: The Free Press.

Aaker, D.A. (1991). Managing brand equity. New York: The Free Press.

Abratt, R. & Grobler, P.S. (1989). The Evaluation of Sports Sponsorships. International Journal of Advertising, 8, 351-362.

Abratt, R; Clayton, B.C. & Pitt, L.F. (1987). Corporate objectives in sport sponsorship. International Journal of Advertising, 6, 299-311.

Agrawal, J. & Kamakura, W.A. (1995). The Economic Worth of Celebrity Endorsers: An Event Study Analysis. Journal of Marketing, 59, 56-62.

All Pro/Bumper to Bumper’s racing program is a winner for its member. (1998, Oct). Automotive Marketing, 27, 10, 28.

Antonelli, D. (1994). Marketing intercollegiate women’s basketball. Sport Marketing Quartely, 3, 2, 29-33.

Armstrong, C. (1988, May). Sports sponsorship: A case-study approach to measuring its effectiveness. European Research, 97-103.

Arndorfer, J. B. (1998, July 6). Cost a Big Issue For Tony Ponturo (FarL.) Visa’s Michael Lynch Also Sees a Problem in High Rights Fees.; Sports’ High Stakes: A-B Exec Raps Cost of Linups as Visa Teams with NASCAR. Advertising Age, 69, 27, 20.

Arthur, D.; Scott, D. & Woods, T. (1997). A conceptual model of the corporate decision-making process of sport sponsorship acquisition. Journal of Sport Management, 11, 223-233.

Assael, H. (1984). Consumer behavior and marketing action. Boston: Kent Publishing Co.

Atkin, R. (1995, March 31). UConn women rule in high court of fan appeal. Christian Science Monitor, 10.

Badenhausen, K., Nikolov, C., Alkin, M., & Ozanian, K. (1997). More than a game. An in-depth look at the raging bull market in sports franchises. Financial World, 166, 6, 40-50

Bagot, N. (1997, June). Believe the hype. F1 Racing, 86-90.

Bahls, J. E. (1998, April). The thrill of victory, the risk of liability. HRMagazine, 43, 5, 90.

Barrett, L. (1998, July 23). Cricket faces a sponsorship crisis. Marketing, 14.

Barrett, L. (1998, May 28). Football: the bountiful game. Marketing 11.

Barrett, P. (1998, Feb 19). New signings at any cost? Marketing, 17.

Barrett, P. (1998, Feb 19). New signings at any cost? Marketing, 17.

Barsky, J. (1995). World-class customer satisfaction. Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin Professional Publishing.

Baseball. The play’s the thing (1997). The Economist, 345, 28.

Basralian, J. (1995, May 10). Amateurs at best . Financial World, 117-22.

Beatty, S. G. (1998, Feb 18). Public is confused on Olympic sponsors. The Wall Street Journal B6W, B8E, 1.

Beatty, S.G. (1998, Feb 18). Public is confused on Olympic sponsors. The Wall Street Journal, B6.

Beaver, W. (1997). What to do about alcohol advertising. Business Horizons, 40, 4, 87-91.

Berkow, I. (1995, April 3). UConn can count on Lobo. New York Times, C1.

Berrett, T. (1993). The Sponsorship of Amateur Sport - Government, National Sport Organizations, and Corporate Perspectives. Society and Leisure, 16, 323-346.

Blackston, M. (1992). Observations: Building brand equity by managing the brand’s relationships. Journal of Advertising Research, 32, 3, 33-42.

Boden, A. (1992, May 18). Magazine innovations keep advertising interest. Marketing, 5.

Boone, L.E., Kochunny, C.M., & Wilkins, D. (1995). Applying the brand equity concept to Major League Baseball. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 4, 3, 33-42.

Branding trend boosts sports marketing’s role. (1998, Feb). Bank Marketing, 30, 2, 15.

Brewington, P. (1995, Oct 26). Appalachian State earns recognition and shot at title. USA Today, 2C.

Brooks, C. (1990, October). Sponsorship: strictly business. Athletic Business, 59-62.

Brooks, C.M. (1994). Sport Marketing: Competitive business strategies for sports. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Buerkle, T. (1998, March 6). Advertisers find a formula they like in auto racing. International Herald Tribune, 1.

Buerkle, T. (1998, March 6). Advertisers find a formula they like in auto racing. International Herald Tribune.

Buerkle, T. (1998, March 6). Advertisers find a formula they like in auto racing. International Herald Tribune, 1.

Bushby, R. & Waterman, G. (1989, Nov. 9). Marketing guide: 13. Sponsorship Marketing, 31-34.

Byrd, A. (1998, Nov 20). Virtual advertising finds a home on Sunshine Network Orlando Business Journal, 15, 25, 37.

Campbell, M. (1998, Oct). From free checking to foul balls. Bank Marketing, 30, 10, 12.

Cawley, R. (1998, Sept 11). Can Dallas really do it? Dallas Business Journal, 22, 3, 1.

Coca-Cola set to fuel NASCAR (1997, Nov 3). Supermarket News, 47, 44, 53.

Cohen, W. (1995, Dec 11). Courting big-time commercial success. U.S. News and World Report, 81-82.

Conseco gets accord on arena. (1998, May 26). The Wall Street Journal, A11E.

Cook, R. (1998, July 13). Who really won the World Cup? The European, 22.

Copeland, R. & Frisby, W. & McCarville, R. (1996). Understanding the Sport Sponsorship Process from a Corporate Prospective. Journal of Sport Management, 10 (1), 32-48.

Copeland, R.P. (1991). Sport sponsorship in Canada: A study of exchange between corporate sponsors and sport groups. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON.

Copetas, A.C. (1998, Feb 13). It’s tough sledding, but bobbers push for deals. The Wall Street Jounal, A6W, A6E, 2.

Copetas, A.C. (1998, Feb 13). It’s tough sledding, but bobbers push for deals. The Wall Street Journal, A6.

Copetas, C. (1998, Feb. 13). It’s tough sledding, but bobbers push for deals. The Wall Street Journal, A6.

Cornwell, T.B. (1995). Sponsorship-linked marketing development. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 4, 4, 13-24.

Coulton, A. & Kutler, J. (1998, July 17). Card Associations Spend Big Bucks to Score Goals. American Banker, 163, 135, 1.

Cousens, L. & Slack, T. (1996). Using Sport Sponsorship to Penetrate Local Markets: The Case of the Fast Food Industry. Journal of Sport Management, 10, 169-187.

Crawford, A. (1998, March 12). VW changes gear in C4 deal. Marketing, 13.

Crompton, J.L. (1987). Doing more with less. State College, PA: Venture.

Crompton, J.L. (1993). Understanding a business organization’s approach to entering a sponsorship partnership. Festival Management and Event Tourism, 1, 3, 98-109.

Crompton, J.L. (1994). Measuring the return on sponsorship investments at major recreation events. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration, 12, 2, 73-85.

Crossett, T. (1995). Toward an understanding of on-site fan-athlete relations: A case study of the LPGA. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 4,2, 31-38.

Cuneen, J. & Hannan, M.J. (1993). Intermediate Measures and Recognition Testing of Sponsorship Advertising at an LPGA Tournament. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2 (1),
47-56.

Dacin, P.A. & Smith, D.C. (1994, May). The effect of brand portfolio characteristics on consumer evaluations of brand extensions. Journal of Marketing Research, 31,229-242.

Davies, H. (1998, April 24). Can you name the one Premiership club without a shirt sponsor? New Statesman (1996), 127, 4382, 37.

Dealy, F.X. (1990). Win at any cost: The sell out of college athletics. New York: Carol Publishing Group.

Decker, J.M. (1991). Seven steps to sponsorship. Parks and Recreation, 26, 12, 45-49.

Dell, W. (1988). Linking Sports and Sponsors. The Journal of Business Strategy, 9, 8-10.

Dennis, M. & Skingley, A. (1998, May 8). One the drink of success. Super Marketing, 1322, S19, 3.

Dunn, B. (1992, June 8). Speeding into sponsorship. The Montreal Gazette, C10-C11.

Dwyer, F. R., Schurr, H. & Sejo, O. (1987). Developing buyer-seller relationships. Journal of Marketing, 51, 11-27.

Eason, K. (1997). Burning rubber and money on 320km/h advertising billboards. The Australlian.

Eisenhart, T. (1988). Sporting Chances Zap Competitors. Business Marketing, 92-97.

Elliott, S. (1998, June 1). A big World Web site by Time Inc. New Media is devoted to the 1998 soccer World Cup. The New York Times, 147, 121, C12, D12, 1.

Esnor, R.J. (1987). The Corporate View of Sports Sponsorship. Athletic Business, 11(9), 40-42.

Fallow, R. (1998, June 4). Ads to make the final round. Marketing, 15.

Farquhar, P.H. (1990). Managing brand-equity. Journal of Advertising Research, 30,4, RC7-RC11.

Farrell, C.S. (1984, Oct 3). The Heisman hype: Colleges try to help star players win football’s top award. The Chronicle of Higher Education, 25.

Fatsis, S. (1997, Dec 2). Staples to attach its name to arena in Los Angeles. The Wall Street Journal, 240, B8W, B6E, 5.

Fatsis, S. (1998, May 22). Coke wins matchup with NFL in a charged sponsorship game. The Wall Street Journal, B10W, B8E, 1.

Feitleberg, R. (1998, July 30). Adidas Plans A Fox’s Route. WWD, 175, 151, 8.

Ferber, R. (1970). The expanding role of marketing in the 1970s. Journal of Marketing, 34, 29-30.

Ferrand, A. & Pages, M. (1996). Image Sponsoring: A Methodology to Match Event and Sponsor. Journal of Sport Management, 10, 278-291.

Fink, J. (1998, April 20). Pepsi wins naming rights for Amherst rink complex. Business First of Buffalo, 14, 28, 11.

Fitzgerald, K. (1998, Aug ). Hewlett-Packard champions sports sponsorships. Business Marketing, 83, 8, 3.

Fleming, C., Bonte-Friedheim, R. (1998, July 31). Tour de France sponsors shift to tough stance as major bicycle race is hit by drug scandal. The Wall Street Journal, 152, A8W, A8E, 4.

Foster, S. (1998, May 8). Games without frontiers. Super Marketing, 1322, S5, 1.

Frankel, B. (1986). Sports Marketing Program Wins Big if it's Done Right. Marketing News, November 7, 5.

Furman, T. & Balin, K. (1998, Sept 14). Minor sports, major changes. Sporting Goods Business, 31, 15, 36.

Gardner, M. & Shuman, (1987). Sponsorship: An important component of the promotions mix. Journal of Advertising, 16, 1, p 11-17.

Gardner, M. & Shuman, (1988, October). Sponsorships and small business. Journal of Small Business Management, 44-52.

Goldberg, B. (1997, Dec). Boola moola. Colorado Business Magazine, 24, 12, 38.

Goldfisher, A. (1998 Sept 21). Sharks biting into record number of tech sponsorships. The Business Journal, 16, 21, 21.

Gonzalez, D. (1998, Sept 16). God and swoosh at St. John’s. The New York Times, 147, B1L, 1.

Grace, J. (1997, Nov 25). The name is the game. The Guardian, EG10.

Gray, D.P. (1996). Sponsorship on Campus. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 5, 29-34.

Griffiths, J. (1998, Jan 19). NatWest to back Jordan racing team. The Financial Times, 21.

Griffiths, J. (1998, Jan 19). NatWest to back Jordan racing team. The Financial Times, 21.

Griffiths, J. (1998, Jan 19). NatWest to back Jordan racing team. The Financial Times, 21.

Gschwandtner, L.B. (1990). Event Marketing Creates a Lean, Mean Sales Machine. Personal Selling Power, 10, 24-27, 37.

Gupta, S., & Cooper, L.G. (1992). The discounting of discounts and promotions thresholds. Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 401-411.

Halliday, J. (1997, Dec 1). Weitzman brings retail expertise to Chevy post; on agenda is taking a more grass-roots tack with skating sponsorships. Advertising Age, 68, 48, 56.

Harverson, P. (1997, Nov 12) Disney in 9m pounds sterling deal for sports. The Financial Times, 7.

Harverson, P. (1998, Aug 11). Cricket victory extends the sport’s commercial boundaries. The Financial Times, 9.

Harverson, P. (1998, Feb 4). Drinks industry still top sponsor of sport. The Financial Times, 11.

Harverson, P. (1998, Feb 4). Drinks industry still top sponsor of sport. The Financial Times, 11.

Harverson, P. (1998, July 31). Corporate backers who become saddle sore. The Financial Times, 13.

Harverson, P. (1998, June 3). Why IT companies take the risk. The Financial Times, FTS12.

Harverson, P. (1998, May 1). FA to sign 50m pounds sterling Umbro deal to equip England team. The Financial Times, 10, 1.

Harverson, P. (1998, May 30). Sponsors give 100% to achieve right World Cup result. The Financial Times, 17.

Harverson, P. (1998, Nov 11). In with a sporting chance of disaster. The Financial Times, FTS8, 1.

Hasting, G.B. (1984). Sponsorship Works Differently from Advertising. International Journal of Advertising, 3, 171-176.

Haverson, P. (1998, Feb 4). Drinks industry still top sponsor of sport. The Financial Times, 11.

Hawkins, P. (1997, Dec 11). BAT drives a hole through new ban. The European, 29.

Hawkins, P. (1997, Dec 11). BAT drives a hole through new ban. The European, 29.

Hawkins, S.A., & Hoch, S.J. (1992). Low-involvement learning: Memory without evaluation. Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 212-225.

Henry, A. & MacAskill, E. (1997, Nov 6). This is not a cigarette advert. The Guardian, 21.

Higgins, M. (1998, July 8). Foul! Sports-feat contestants trip over rules. The Wall Street Journal, 135, B1W, B1E, 3.

Hochman, P. (1997, Dec 19). Luge story: sliders and sponsor team up. The Wall Street Journal, 253, B15W, B15E, 1.

Hochman, P. (1997, Dec 19). Luge story: sliders and sponsor team up. The Wall Street Journal,

Hockman, P. (1997, Dec 19). Luge story: sliders and sponsors team up. The Wall Street Journal, B15.

Howard, D., & Crompton, J. (1995). Financing Sport. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology.

IEG Sponsorship Report (1995).

IEG Sponsorship Report (1996).

IEG Sponsorship Report (1997).

International Events Group Sponsorship Report. (1992, May 10). Measuring sponsorship’s impact on corporate image: Findings from John Hancock. 12, 9, 4-5.

Irwin, R.L. & Asimakopoulos, M.K. (1992). An approach to the evaluation and selection of Sport Sponsorship Proposals. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 1, (2), 43-51.

Irwin, R.L. & Sutton, W.A. (1994). Sport Sponsorship Objectives: An Analysis of their Relative Importance for Major Corporate Sponsors. European Journal of Sport Management, 1,
93-101.

Jacques, M., Porter, M. & Wright, R. (1997, Nov 13). Can Formula One give up the tobacco habit? The European, 8.

Javalgi, R.G.; Traylor, M.B.; Gross, A.C.; Lampman, E. (1994, December). Awareness of sponsorship and corporate image: An empirical investigation. Journal of Advertising, 23, 4, 47- 58.

Jensen, J. (1995). Tough Realities Jolt Sport Sponsorships. Advertising Age.

Kampfner, J. (1997, Dec 2). Ministers set to accept EU tobacco advertising ban deal. The Financial Times, 1.

Kampfner, J. (1997, Nov 19). Dobson smoke signals mixed. The Financial Times, 7.

Kawasaki sponsors Challenge. (1998, July). Boating Industry, 61, 7, 16.

Kessler, A. (1998, Feb). Should your bank consider sports marketing? Bank Marketing, 30, 2, 12.

Kiely (1993, Feb). Sponsorship: It’s a buyers market. Marketing, 9-12.

Kiesewetter, S. (1998, Aug). The name game. School Planning and Management, 37, 8, 29.

Kindel, S. (1993, April). Gentlemen, flash your logos. Financial World, 2, 46-48.

Kinney, L. & McDaniel, S.R. (1996). Strategic Implications of Attitude-Toward-the-Ad in Leveraging Event Sponsorship. Journal of Sport Management, 10, 250-261.

Komoroski, L. & Biemond, H. (1996). Sponsorship Accountability: Designing and Utilizing an Evaluation System. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 5, 35-39.

Kuzma, J.R.; Shanklin, W.L.;& McCally, Jr. J.F. (1993). Number one principle for sporting events seeking corporate sponsors: Meet benafactor’s objectives. 2, 3, 27-32.

Lapin, J. (1987). Workshop How to Win with Sports. Public Relations Journal, 31-34.

Laurent, B. & Kapferer, J. (1985, Feb). Measuring consumer involvement profiles. Journal of Marketing Research, 41-53.

Lefton, T. (1998). WTA title tag doubles to $25M. Brandweek, 39, 10, 10.

Lefton, T. (1998). WTA title tag doubles to $25M; Nabisco inks Ripken for MLB blast. Brandweek, 39, 10, 10.

Lefton, T. (1998, July 13). All-Star Win May Raise Baseball Sponsor Ante; Tecate Inks in Mexico. Brandweek, 39, 28, 12.

Lefton, T. (1998, July 6). Prove It!. Brandweek, 39, 27, 30.

Lefton, T. (1998, March 9). WTA title tag doubles to $25M; Nabisco inks Ripken for MLB Blast. Brandweek 39, 10, 10.

Lefton, T. (1998, Nov 23). Official Ambusher. Brandweek, 39, 44, 24.

Levin, R.J. (1993). Sponsors Put Pressure on for Accountability. Advertising Age, June 21, S-1, S-4.

Lewis, N. A. (1998, Jan 12). U. S. may fill in for tobacco sponsorships. The New York Times, 147, A15N, A15L, 1.

Lewis, N.A. (1998, Jan 12). U.S. may fill in for tobacco sponsorships. The New York Times, A15.

Lewis, N.A. (1998, Jan 12). U.S. may fill in for tobacco sponsorships. The New York Times, A15.

Lough, N.L. (1996). Factors affecting corporate sponsorship of women’s sport. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 5, 2, 11-19.

Marshall, D.W. & Cook, G. (1992). The corporate sports sponsor. International Journal of Advertising, 11, 4, 307.

Martin, J.H. (1994). Using a Perceptual Map of the Consumer's Sport Schema to Help Make Sponsorship Decisions. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 3, 27-33.

McCarville, R.E. & Copeland, R.P. (1994). Understanding sport sponsorship through the exchange theory. Journal of Sport Management, 8, 102-114.

McCarville, R.E., Flood, C.M. & Froats, T.A. (1998). The effectiveness of selected promotions on spectators’ assessments of a nonprofit sporting event sponsor. Journal of Sport Management, 12, 1, 51-62

McClosky, D.N. (1982). The applied theory of price. New York: Macmillan

McCook, K., Turco, D. & Riley, R. (1997). A look at the corporate sponsorship decision-making process. Cyber Journal of Sport Marketing, 1, 2, 50-65.

McCracken, J. (1998, Aug. 24). Four local banks to help fund Tigers. Crain’s Detroit Business, 14, 34, 1.

McDonald, C. (1991). Sponsorship and the image of the sponsor. European Journal of Marketing, 25, 31-38.

McEvoy, C. (1998, June 22). Howard Smith. Sporting Goods Business, 31, 10, 22.

Meenaghan, T.A. (1984). Commercial sponsorship. European Journal of Marketing, 7, 2-26.

Meenaghan, T.A. (1991). The role of sponsorship in the marketing communications mix. International Journal of Advertising, 10, 1, 35 - 47.

Meenaghan, T.A. (1994). Point of view: ambush marketing: immoral or imaginative practice? Journal of Advertising Research, 34, 5, 77.

Meerabeau, E.; Gillet, E.; Kennedy, M.; Adeboa, J.; Byass, J; & Tabi, K (1991). Sponsorship and the Drinks Industry in the 1990s. European Journal of Marketing, 25(11), 39-56.

Millman, J. (1997, Dec 15). Women’s sports play in unique arena. Brandweek, 38, 47, 12.

Mills, D. (1996, August 2)). What’s the point of event sponsorship if isn’t done well? Campaign, 17.

Milman, J. (1997, Dec 15). Women’s sports play in unique arena. Brandweek, 12.

Milne, G.R. & McDonald, M.A. (1997). Introduction to the special issue on relationship marketing in sport. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 6, (2), 4.

Miniard, P.W., Sirdeshmukh, D., & Innis, D.E.. (1992). Peripheral persuasion and brand choice. Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 226-239.

Morris, D. & Irwin, R.L. (1996). The data-driven approach to sponsorship acquisition. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 5, 2, 7-10

Moyer, L. (1998, Oct 14). Chase Reexamining Events It Sponsors for Maximum Firepower. American Banker, 163, 205, 6.

Munch, J.M., Boller, G.W., & Swasy, J.L. (1993). The effects of argument structure and affective tagging on product attitude formation. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 294-302.

Muret, D. (1998, July 20). CFL Scores With New Sponsorship Television Deals. Amusement Business, 110, 29, 22.

Muret, D. (1998, June 22). For Colleges, Some Sponsorships Are More Equal Than Others. Amusement Business, 110, 25, 31.

On top of the game. (1998, Feb 20). The Wall Street Journal, B10.

On top of the games (1998, Feb 2). The Wall Street Journal, B10.

On top of the games. (1998, Feb 20.). The Wall Street Journal, B10W, B8E, 1.

Otker, T. (1988). Exploitation: The Key to Sponsorship Success. European Research, 77-86.

Parker, G. (1997, Nov 26). Blair to help sports give up tobacco. The Financial Times, 17.

Peers, A. (1998, Feb 19). Sponsors withhold the gold from lackluster U.S. figure skaters. The Wall Street Journal, A6W, A6E, 2

Peers, A. (1998, Feb 19). Sponsors withhold the gold from lackluster U.S. figure skaters. The Wall Street Journal, A6.

Peers, A. (1998, Feb 19). Sponsors withhold the gold from lackluster U.S. figure skaters. The Wall Street Journal, A6.

Penzer, E. (1990, Oct). How do sponsors gauge the payoffs from event marketing? Incentive, 162-164.

Pham, M.T. (1992). Effects of Involvement, Arousal, and Pleasure on the Recognition of Sponsorship Stimuli. Advances in Consumer Research, 19, 85-93.

Philip Morris decides to cease sponsoring Chinese soccer league. (1998, Nov 30). The Wall Street Journal, B13D.

PNC Paying $30M to Name Pirates Ballpark. (1998, Aug 7). American Banker, 163, 157, 24.

Pope, N.K. & Voges, K.E. (1994). Sponsorship Evaluation: Does it Match the Motive and the Mechanism? Sport Marketing Quarterly, 3 (4), 37-35.

Pope, N.K. (1992). Sponsorship and motor sport. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Central Queens.

Public is confused on Olympic Sponsors (1998, Feb 18). The Wall Street Journal, B6.

Reid, A. (1998, April 24). Are advertisers still keen on football sponsorship deals? Campaign, 18.

Riddell, K. (1993, Nov). How to score with increased visibility: Sport venues. Marketing, 55.

Robson, D. (1997, Nov 7). Schwab invests future in PGA tour, U.S. ski team; sports marketing strategy aimed at other investors. Business Journal-Portland, 14, 37, 12.

Robson, D. (1997, Nov 7). Schwab takes to slopes in search of investors. The Business Journal-Serving Phoenix & the Valley of the Sun, 18, 2, 16.

Robson, D. (1997, Oct 31). Schwab sinks millions into sports pitch. San Francisco Business Times, 12, 11, 1.

Sandler, D.M. & Shani, D. (1993). Sponsorship and the olympic games: the consumers perspective. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2, 3, 38-43.

Sapsford, J. (1998, Feb 17). Memo to employees: let’s all cheer loudly and wave flags briskly. The Wall Street Journal, A6W, A6E, 3.

Sapsford, J. (1998, Feb 17). Memo to employees: let’s cheer loudly and wave flags briskly. The Wall Street Journal, A6.

Sapsford, J. (1998, Feb. 17). Memo to employees: let’s all cheer loudly and wave flags briskly. The Wall Street Journal, A6.

S-B Power Tool Co. (1997, Dec). Do-It-Yourself Retailing, 173, 6, 102.

Schoenadel, T.L. (1997). Media, media watch. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 6, 1, 30.

Scott, D.R. & Suchard, H.T. (1992). Motivations for Australian expenditure on sponsorship - an analysis. International Journal of Advertising, 11, 4, 325.

Shani, D. (1997). A framework for implementing relationship marketing in the sport industry. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 6 (2), 9-15.

Shelton, C. (1991). Funding strategies for women’s sport. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance.

Sherry, J.G. (1998, Spring). The key to maximizing your sports sponsorship. Public Relations Quarterly, 43, 1, 24.

Shilbury, D. & Berriman, M. (1996). Sponsorship awareness: A study of St. Kilda football club supporters. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 5, 1, 27-51.

Siddle, R. (1998, May 8). The main attraction. Super Marketing, 1322, S7, 4.

Simanoff, D. (1998, April 24). Devil Rays play hardball to control dome events. Tampa Bay Business Journal, 18, 17, 1.

Sizlo, N. (1998). Sports promos score with auds. Variety, 370, 5, 56.

Sizlo, N. (1998, March 16). Sports promos score with auds. Variety, 370, 5, 56.

Skingley, A. (1998, May 8). Grand national. Super Marketing, 1322, S15, 2.

Sleight, S. (1989). Sponsorship: What it is and how to use it. London: McGraw-Hill.

Sloves, S. (1998, Feb 2). Do sponsorships provide a gold mine or a black hole? Marketing News, 32, 3, 9.

Sloves, S. (1998, Feb 2). Do sponsorships provide a gold mine or a black hole? Marketing News, 32, 3, 9.

Sloves, S. (1998, Feb 2). Do sponsorships provide a gold mine or a black hole? Marketing News, 9.

Smiles, S. (1997, Dec 18). Why smoking is good for Bernie’s wealth. The European, 32.

Smiles, S. (1997, Dec 18). Why smoking is good for Bernie’s wealth. The European, 32.

Smith, M. & Kampfner, J. (1997, Dec 3). EU moves on tobacco funds ban. The Financial Times, 12.

Smith, M. (1997, Nov. 18). EU deal sought on tobacco sponsorship ban. The Financial Times, 14.

Smith, S.M. & Alcorn, D.S. (1991). Cause Marketing: A New Direction in the Marketing of Corporate Responsibility. The Journal of Consumer Marketing, 8 (3), 19-35.

Stotar, D.K. (1993). Sponsorship and the olympic winter games. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 2, 1, 35-43.

Stotlar, D.K. & Johnson, D.A. (1989). Assessing the Impact and Effectiveness of Stadium Advertising on Sport Spectators at Division I Institutions. Journal of Sport Management, 3, 90-102.

Sutton, J. (1998, Jan 5). Sponsors may shy away from Paralympic Games. Marketing News, 21.

Sutton, J. (1998, Jan 5). Sponsors shy away from Paralympic Games. Marketing News, 32, 1, 21.

Sutton, J. (1998, Jan 5). Sponsors shy away from paralympic games. Marketing News, 32, 21.

Sweeney, B. (1995). The Sweeney Report, Sweeney & Associates, Melborne.

Takaki, M. (198, Jan 16). Price tag for Super Bowl XXXII: $1.3 million for XXX seconds. Shoot, 39, 3, 1.

Takaki, M. (1998). Price tag for Super Bowl XXXII: $1.3 million for XXX seconds. Shoot, 39, 3, 1.

Takaki, M. (1998, Jan 16). Price tag for Super Bowl XXXII: $1.3 million for XXX seconds. Shoot, 1.

Techsonic Industries. (1998, Nov). Boating Industry, 61, 11, 12.

Though Asia skates on thin ice, sponsors won’t skimp on shrimp. The Wall Street Journal, A6.

Thurow, R. (1998, Feb 19). Champion schmoozers lap up largesse. The Wall Street Journal, A6W, A6E, 2.

Thurow, R. (1998, Feb 19). Champion schmoozers lap up largesse. The Wall Street Journal, A6.

Thurow, R. (1998, Feb 6). Though Asia skates on thin ice, sponsors won’t skimp on shrimp. The Wall Street Journal, A16W, A16E, 2.

Thurow, R. (1998, Feb. 19). Champion schmoozers lap up largesse. The Wall Street Journal, A6.

Thurow, R. (1998, Feb. 6). Though Asia skates on thin ice, sponsors won’t skimp on shrimp. The Wall Street Journal, A16.

Thurrow, R. (1997, Nov 14). Where are the sponsors? Cash-starved winter athletes look to gumball financing. The Wall Street Journal, B10W, B12E, 1.

Thwaites, Aguilar-Manjarrez, R. & Kidd, C. (1998, Feb). Sports sponsorship development in leading Canadian companies: issues and trends. International Journal of Advertising, 17, 1, 29.

Thwaites, D.; Aguilar-Manjarrez, R. & Kidd, C. (1998). Sport sponsorship development in leading Canadian companies; issues and trends. International Journal of Advertising, 17, 1, 29.

Timmins, N. & Griffiths, J. (1997, Nov 5). Britain seeks to exempt F1 from EU tobacco advert ban. The Financial Times, 26.

Tlee, J. (1998, June 12). Sponsors discover World Cup is fair game for all. Campaign, 12.

Turco, D.M. (1994). Event Sponsorship: Effects on consumer brand loyalty and consumption. Sport Marketing, 35.

Twaites, D. (1995). Professional football sponsorship - profitable or profligate? International Journal of Advertising, 14, 2, 149.

Urbany, J., Dickson, P.R., Wilkie, W.L. (1989). Buyer uncertainty and information search. Journal of Consumer Research, 16, 208-215.

Varadarajan, P.R. & Menon, A. (1988). Cause-related Marketing: A Coalignment of Marketing Strategy and Corporate Philanthropy. Journal of Marketing, 52, 58-74.

Waddell, R. (1998, June 22). Universities Unite For Sponsorship Dollars. Amusement Business, 110, 25, 30.

Warshaw, A. (1998, Nov 14). AXA plays away to reach brand awareness goal. The Guardian, 25.

Welsh, J. (1998, Feb 26). In the fast lane. The Wall Street Journal, A1.

Welsh, J. (1998, Feb 26). In the fast lane: more companies look to auto racing to rev up sales. The Wall Street Journal, A1W, A1E, 5.

Welsh, J. (1998, Feb 26). In the fast lane: more companies look to auto racing to rev up sales. The Wall Street Journal, A1.

Weppler, K.A., & McCarville, R.E. (1995). Understanding organizational buying behavior to secure sponsorship. Journal of Festival Management and Event Tourism, 2, ¾, 139-148.

Whalley, S. (1998, June 26). High hopes. Super Marketing, 1329, 28.

White, A.B. & Irwin, R.L. (1996). Assessing a Corporate Partner Program: A Key to Success. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 5, 21-28.

White, M. (1997, Nov 17). Blair: I can still be trusted. The Guardian, 1.

Wilber, D. (1988). Linking Sports and Sponsors. The Journal of Business Strategy, , 8-11.

Wilkins, J. (1996). Focus on motorsports. Sponsorship News, 22.

Wise, S.L. & Miles, M.P. (1993). Corporate Sponsorship, Football Bowl Games, and the Internal Revenue Service. Review of Businss.

Witcher, B.; Craigen, G.; Culligan, D.; Harvey, A. (1991). The links between objectives and function in organizational sponsorship. International Journal of Advertising, 10, 13-33.

Younger, L.E., Crompton, J.L., & Decker, J.M. (1988). Developing a comprehensive sponsorship program: A case study. Journal of Parks and Recreation Administration, 6, 1, 12-21.

Zaichkowsky, J. (1985). Measuring the involvement construct. Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 341-352.