Laboratory for Leisure, Tourism & Sport

The University of Connecticut

Leisure and Tourism Motivation (#1)1.31

A. Yiannakis, Director

Researched and compiled by Young Kim, Lab Coordinator Email: Yian@ix.netcom.com Updated 10/20/95 # of refs: 179


Adams, A., Stone, T. (1977). Satisfaction of need for achievement in work and leisure time activities Journal of Vocational Behavior, 11, 2, 174-181. Agricola, S. (1976) Planning and realization of leisure activities: Feasibility and model for participation Psychologische-Praxis, 50, 74. Ahtik, M. (1976). Psychological Aspects of Work and Leisure: Psiholoski aspekti slobodnog vfemena i rada Socioloski- Pregled, 10, 1-3, 135-139. Alt, J. (1976). Beyond Class: The Decline of Industrial Labor and Leisure Telos, 28, 55-80. Amir, Y., & Ben-Ari R. (1985). International tourism, ethnic contact, and attitude change. Journal of Social Issues, 41(3), 105-115. Amuchie, F. (1982) Age and Sex Differences among Adolescent Participants in Recreational Activities International-Review- of-Sport-Sociology, 17, 2, 79-84. Artemov, V. (1975) Socio-Economic Planning and the Problem of Leisure Time Society-and- Leisure, 7, 3, 5-15. Baader, O. (1975) Conspicuous Consumption--Satisfaction of Needs or Manipulation? Demonstrativer Konsum-- Bedurfnisbefriedigung oder Manipulation Soziologenkorrespondenz, 2, 108-127. Babchuk, N. (1973). The Future of the Sociology of Leisure: The Case of Voluntary Organizations Society-and-Leisure, 5, 1, 149-154. Bailey, B. and head, D. (1993). Providing O&M services to children and youth with severe multiple disabilities Review, 25,2, 57-66. Baker, P., Markham, W., Bonjeon, C. (1988). Promotion interest and willingness to sacrifice for promotion in a government agency Journal of Applied behavioral Science, 24, 1, 61-80. Bakic, S. (1976) Creation and Recreation in the Leisure Time of Young Workers; Kreacija i rekreacija u radnom i slobodnom vremenu mladih radnika Socioloski-Pregled, 10, 103, 127-133. Beggs, A. (1992). Coping with traveling in the visually impaired: A comparison of elite and poor travelers Psychology-and-Health, 7, 1, 15-26. Bernard, P. (1978). Rush to the Alps: The Evolution of Vacationing on Switzerland New York: Columbia University Press. Bloland, P. (1981) Work and leisure: A counseling synthesis Vocational-Guidance- Quarterly, 30, 2, 101-108. Boorstin, D. (1961). The image: A guide to Pseudo-events in America. New York: Harper and Row. British Tourist Authority (1974). Holiday motivations Study. London Brodsky, D. (1987). The correlates of cost-conscious behavior among elderly consumers of health care services Journal-of- Applied-Gerontology, 6,1, 25-38. Burkart, A. & Medlik, S. (1974). Past, Present and Future. London: Heineman. Burlew, L. (1989) The Life-Long Leisure Graph: A tool for leisure counseling Journal-of- Career-Development, 15, 3, 164-173. Butsch, R. (1984). The Commodification of Leisure: The case of the Model Airplane Hobby and Industry Qualitative- Sociology, 7, 3, 217-135. Calantone, R. J., & Johar, J. S. (1984). Seasonal segmentation of the tourism market using a benefit segmentation framework. Journal of Travel Research, (Fall), 14-24. Cangelosi, P. Touch, talk, and travel Journal-of-visual-Impairment-and-Blindness, 72, 7, 284-286. Cejp, M. (1976). Attitudes of the Czech Public towards the Value, Function and Content of Leisure Society-and- Leisure, 8, 4, 111-116. Chacko, H. (1990). Methods of upward influence, motivational needs, and administrators' perceptions of their supervisors' leadership styles Group-and-Organization-Studies, 15, 3, 253-265. Codina, N. (1989). El deporte como actividad compensadora en el tiempo libre Anuario-de- Psicologia, 40, 1, 17-24. Cohen, E. (1973). Nomad from affluence: notes on the phenomenon of drifter tourism international Journal of Comparative Sociology 14, 1/2. 89-103. Cohen, E. (1974). Who is a tourist? A conceptual clarification Sociological Review, 22, 527- 553. Cohen, E. (1984). The sociology of tourism: Approaches, issues, and findings Annual Review-of-Sociology, 10, 373-392. Cohen, E. (1972). Toward a sociology of international tourism. Social Research, 39(1), 164182. Colley, A. (1984). Sex Roles and Explanations of Leisure Behavior Leisure-Studies, 3, 3, 335-341. Cowell, D. (1981). The role of market research in the development of public policy in the field of recreation and leisure Journal-of-the-Market-Research-Society, 23, 2, 72-83. Crompton, L. (1979). Motivations for pleasure vacations. Annals of Tourism Research, 6 (Oct/ Dec), 408-424. Dann, C. M. S. (1981). Tourism motivation: An appraisal. Annals of Tourism Research, 8(2), 187-219. De-ketele, J., Tefnin, F. (1985). Observation dans l'enseignement professionnel Bulletin-de- Psychologie- Scolaire-et-d'Oriention, 34, 1, 11-25. Del-Re, S. (1975). A Development Model in Crisis and Leisure Ideology; Crise d'un modele de development et ideologie du loisir Revue-Internationale-de-Sociologie /International-Review-of-Sociology, 11, 1-2, 49-58. Diligensky, G. (1981). Problems of the theory of human needs Social-Science-Information, 20, 1, 169-185. Din, K. (1989). Islam and Tourism: Patterns, Issues, and Options Annals-of-Tourism- Research, 16, 4, 542-563. Edwards, P. (1981). Race, residence, and leisure style: Some policy implications Leisure- Sciences, 4, 2, 95-112. Edwards, P., Bloland, P. (1990). Integrating leisure guidance into a career counseling center. Journal-of-Career-Development, 16, 3, 185-194. Eliopoulos, E. (1986). The science of leisure service program planning for older adults Activities,-Adaptation-and- Aging, 8, 2, 49-58. Elskemer, M., Ledig, M., and De-Rijke, J. (1991). The Role of the School in Children's Leisure-Time Behavior-What Kind of Leisure-Time Activities Are Offered by the School?; Die Rolle der Schule im Freizeitverhalten der Kinder-Was Bietet Schule Fur die Freizeit? Zeitschrift-fur-Padagogik, 37, 4, 619-641. Emery, R. (1986). Blind role models in rehabilitation Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, 80, 9, 933-935. Etzel, M. J., & Woodside, A. C. (1982). Segmenting vacation markets: The case of the distant and near-home travelers. Journal of Travel Research, (Spring), 10-14. Evans, K. (1994). Leisure patterns of young adults in Britain and the role of the Youth Service International-Journal-of-Adolescence-and-Youth, 4, 179-194. Figler, M., Weinstein, A., Sollers, J. & Devan, B. (1992). Pleasure travel(tourist) motivation: A factor analytic approach Bulletin-of-the-Psychonomic-Society, 30, 2, 113-116. Filipcova, B., Linhart, J., and Viteckova, J. (1983). The Sociology of Leisure in Czechoslovakia; Sociologie volneho casu Ceskoslovensku Sociologicky-Casopis, 19, 2, 238-252. Fisher,R. 7 price, l. (1991). International pleasure travel motivations and post-vocationcultural attitude change Journal-of-Leisure-Research, 23, 3, 193-208. Fontaine, G. (1993). Motivational factors of international travelers Psychological Reports, 72, 3, 1106. Fontaine,G. (1994). Presence seeking and sensation seeking as motives for international travel Psychological Reports, 75, 3, 1583-1586. Frase, L. (1989). Effects of teacher rewards on recognition and job enrichment Journal-of-Education-Research, 83, 1, 52-57. Fricke,R. (1979). Orientation towards the future by Liberian schoolchildren: A contribution to the understanding of young West Africans Human development, 22, 2, 113-126. Gershuny, J. (1988). Technical Change and the Work/Leisure Balance: A New System of Socioeconomic Accounts Innovation, 1, 1, 47-75. Golub, B. (1987). The Structure of Daily Activities of Researchers; struktura dnevnih aktivnosti istrazivaca Revija-za-Sociologiju, 17, 1-2, 33-48. Goodrich, J. N. (1977). Benefit bundle analysis: An empirical study of international travelers. Journal of Travel Research (Fall), 6-9. Goodrich, J. N. (1980) Benefit segmentation of U.S. international travelers: An empirical study with American Express, In D. E. Hawkins, E. L. Schafer, and J. M. Rovelstad (Eds.), Tourism marketing and management (pp. 133-147). Washington; George Washington University. Goodstein, L. (1986). Report of the Executive Officer; 1985; Volunteerism in organized psychology American- psychologist, 41, 6, 617-621. Graefe, A., Ditton, R., and Roggenbuck, J. (1981). Notes on the stability of the factor structure of leisure meanings Leisure-Sciences, 4, 1, 51-65. Greenberg, M., Frank, R. (1983). Leisure lifestyles: Segmentation by interests, needs, demographics, and television viewing American-Behavioral-Scientist, 26, 4, 439-458. Groome, D. (1985). Increasing Opportunities for Enjoyment of Rural Recreation in Britain Loisir-and Societe / Society and Leisure, 8, 1, 92-108. Gurin, D. (1981). Women's future travel, driving, and transit use Psychology-of-Women- Quarterly, 6, 1, 72-84. Haig, C. (1987). Clinics fill training niche. Personnel Journal, 66, 9, 134-139. Hamblen, K. (1983). Motivational Theories of Art Evaluated according to Cross-Cultural and Sociological Criteria International-Journal-of-Contemporary-Sociology, 20, 3-4, 57-75. Hamilton-Smith, E. (1987). Four kinds of tourism Annals of Tourism Research, 14, 3, Haworth, J. (1974). human needs, Work and Leisure Society-and-Leisure, 6, 3, 133-137. Hinman, L.(1978). Marx's theory of play, leisure and unalienated praxis. Philosophy- and- Social- Criticism, 5, 2, 191-228. Hirschman, E. C. (1984). Leisure motives and sex roles. Journal of Leisure Research, 16(3),209223. Hogden, K. (1985). Leisure/recreation needs of hospitalized elderly Activities,-Adaptation-and-Aging, 7, 2, 53-65. Hollender, J. W. (1977). Motivational dimensions of the camping experience. Journal of Leisure Research, 9(2), 133- 141. Horna, J. (1988). The Mass Media as Leisure; A Western-Canadian Case Loisir-and Societe / Society-and-Leisure, 11, 2, 283-301. Howard, D. (1976). Multivariate relationships between leisure activities and personality Research-Quarterly, 47, 2, 226- 237. Hromakda, M. (1974). Some Problems of the Prospective Development of Cultural Facilities Society-and-Leisure, 6, 4, 21-48. Humphrey, F. (1980). Leisure studies in the United States-The Enigmatic Eighties Loisir- and-Societe/ Society and leisure, 3, 2, 235-268. Hybertson, D., Hulme, E., Smith, W. and Holton, M. (1992). Wellness in non-traditional-age students. Journal-of- College-Student-Development, 33, 1, 50-55. Ibrahim, H. (1988). Leisure, idleness and Ibn khaldun. Leisure Studies, 7, 1, 51-57. Ingham, R. (1986). Psychological contributions to the study of leisure Leisure studies, 5, 3, 255-279. Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1982). Toward a social psychological theory of tourism motivation: A rejoinder. Annals of Tourism Research, 12, 256-262. Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1984). Social psychological foundations of leisure and resultant implications for leisure counseling, In E. T. Dowd, (Ed.), Leisure counseling: Concepts and applications (pp. 97-125), Springfield IL: Charles C. Thomas. Iso-Ahola, S. & Allen, J. (1982). The dynamics of leisure motivation: The effects of outcome on leisure needs. Research- Quarterly-for Exercise-and-Sport, 53, 2, 141-149. Iso-Ahola, S. (1983). Toward a social psychology of recrational travel Leisure-Studies, 2, 1, 45-56. Jackson, E. & Searle, M. (1985). Recreation, Non-participation and Barriers to participation: Concepts and Models. Society and Leisure, 8, 2, 693-707. Jacobson, S., and Kropf, N. (1993). Facilitating residential transitions of older adults with developmental disabilities: Erratum Clinical Gerontologist, 14, 2, 84. Jay-Rayon, J.,Coquereau, J. (1985). Outdoor recreation and proxemics or the reappropriation of natural time-space (Plein-air et proxemie ou-la reappropriation de l'espace-temps naturel). Society and Leisure, 8, 1, 217-250. Kabanoff, B. (1982). Occupational and Sex Differences in Leisure Needs and Leisure Satisfaction Journal-of- Occupational-Behavior, 3, 3, 233-245. Kaplan, M. (1981). Leisure counseling: A reaction Counseling-Psychologist, 9, 3, 78-80. Kelman, H. C. (1962) Changing attitudes through international activities. Journal of Social Issues, 18, 68-87. Klenosky, D., Gengler, E. & Mulvey, M. (1993). Understanding the factors influencing ski destination choice: A means-end analytic approach Journal-of-Leisure-Research, 25, 4, 362-379. Knoft, R.,Peterson,G.,Leatherberry, E. (1983). Motives for recreational river floating: Relative consistency across settings. Leisure- Science, 5,3, 231-255. Korac, M. (1992). Rural Women about Their Leisure Time; Seoska zena o vremenu izvan rada-ucinak razvoja Sociologija, 34, 1, 55-65. Krippendorf, J. (1986). Tourism in the System of Industrial Society Annals-of-Tourism- Research, 13, 4, 517-532. Lange, R., and McCune.(1989). Substance abuse and international travel. Advance-in Alcohol-and-Substance- Abuse, 8, 2, 37-51. Lawton, M. (1978). Leisure Activities for the Aged Annals-of- the-American-Academy-of- Political-and-Social-Science, 438, 71-80. Leiper, N. (1979). The framework of tourism: Towards a definition of tourism, tourist and the tourist industry Annals of Tourism Research, 6, 390-407. Levy, J. (1977). A model for studying leisure behavior and mental health Journal-of- Leisurability, 4, 3, 24-26. Lewes, F. (1980). Leisure and Urban Communities Social-Policy-and-Administration, Lorr, M. and Stefic, E. (1978). An orientation and motivation inventory. Psychological Reports, 42, 3, 911-914. Lounsbury, J., Polik J. (1992). Leisure needs and vacation satisfaction Leisure-Sciences, 14, 2, 105-119. Lounsbury, J. W. and Hoopes, L. L. (1985). An investigation of factors associated with vacation satisfaction. Journal of Leisure Research, 17(1), 1 - 13. MacCannel, D. (1976). The tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: Schocken. Maldague, M. (1985). The Balancing Function of Leisure in a Computerized Society; Fonction equilibrante des loisirs dans la societe informatisee Loisir-and-Societe / Society-and-Leisure, 8, 1, 269-289. Mancini, J., Orthner, D. (1982). Leisure Time, Activities, Preferences, and Competence: Implications for the Morale of Older Adults Journal-of-Applied-Gerontology, Manfredo, M. (1984). The comparability of onsite and offsite measures of recreation needs Journal-of-Leisure-Research, 16, 3, 245-249. Mankin, D. (1977). Organizing education for the future: Implications of emerging work, citizenship and leisure needs Educational-Research-Quarterly, 1, 4, 44-53. Mannell, R., & Iso-Ahola, S. (1987). Psychological nature of leisure and tourism experience Annal of Tourism Research, 14, 3, 314-332. Mannell, R. C., & Iso-Ahola, S. E. (1987). Psychological nature of leisure and tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research, 14, 314-331. Manz, G. (1973). People's Requirements and Use of Time. Society-and-Leisure, 5, 1, 11-15. Manz, G. (1974). Way of Life and Leisure Time Use Society-and-Leisure, 6, 2, 75-86. Marino-Schorn, J. (1985-86). Morale, work and leisure in retirement Physical-and- Occupational-Therapy-in-Geriatrics, 4, 2, 49-59. Mellinger, J., Hotl, R. (1982). Characteristics of Elderly Participants in Three Types of Leisure Groups Psychological-Reports, 50, 2, 447-458. Mercer, K. (1976). Why do people take holidays? New Society, 37, 724, 438-440. Meunier, G. (1985). A Study on Motivations, Expectations and Habits of Low-Income Families with Respect to Their Tourist Recreation Activities; Etude sur les motivations, les attentes et les habitudes des familles a faible revenu en regard des activites de loisir touristique Loisir-and-Societ / Society-and-Leisure, 8, 2, 513-525. Milevsky, S. (1984). Organization of Vacation Rest as an Important Aspect of Social Policy; Organizatsiya otdykha naseleniya-vazhniy aspekt sotsial'noy politiki Mitford, N. (1959). The tourist. Encounter,13,4, 3-7. Mut-Remola, E. (1975). Free Time and Leisure; Tiempo libre y ocio Revista-del-Instituto-de- Ciencias-Sociales, 25-26, 221-246. Nash, D. (1981). Tourism as an anthropological subject. Current Anthropology, 22, 5, Nietupski, J., Ayres, B., and Hamre-Nietupski, S. (1983). A review of recreation/leisure skills research with moderately, severely and profoundly mentally handicapped individuals Australia-and-New-Zealand-Journal-of- Developmental-Disabilities, 9, 4, 161-176. Noronha, R. (1976). Review of the Sociological Literature on Tourism. New York: World Bank. Orlov, A. (1990). Conception of the Sociology of Recreation/Kontseptsiya sotsiologii rekreatsii Sotsiologicheskie- Issledovaniya, 17, 9, 102-106. Paryzek, L. (1983). Ustalanie struktury potrzeb jednostki metoda listy wyboru zawodu (LWZ). / Estimation of need structure; list of Vocational choices Przeglad- psychologiczny, 26, 1, 133-153. Pearce, P., & Moscardo, G. (1985). The relationship between travelers'career levels and the concept of authenticity Australian Journal of Psychology, 37, 2, 157-174. Pearce, P., & Moscardo, G. (1986). The concept of authenticity in tourist experiences The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology, 22, 1, 121-132. Pearce, P. (1991). Travel stories: An analysis of self-disclosure in terms of story structure, valence, and audience characteristics Australian-Psychologist, 26, 3, 172-175. Pearce, P. L. (1980). A favorability-satisfaction model of tourist's evaluations. Journal of Travel Research, (Summer), 13-17. Pearson, Q. (1992). A leisure counseling model for addicted persons Journal-of-Career- Development, 19, 1, 13-24. Penc, J. (1974). Leisure Time and the Socialist Value System: Czas wolny a socjalistyczny system wartosci Kultura-i- Spoliczenstwo, 18, 4, 151-161. Perreault, W.,Darden, D. & Darden, W. (1977). A psychographic classification of vacation life styles Journal of Leisure Research, 9, 208-224. Price, L. L., Fisher, R. J., & Crompton, J. L. (1989). Pleasure Travel Motivations: Scale Development. University of Colorado Working Paper. Purcell, R., Keller, M. (1989). Characteristics of leisure activities which may lead to leisure satisfaction among older adults Activities,-Adaptation-and-Aging, 13, 4, 17-29. Pyo, S., Mihalik, B., and Uysal, M. (1989). Attraction Attributes and Motivations: A Canonical Correlation Analysis Annals-of-Tourism-Research, 16, 2, 277-282. Quinn, R. (1980). Elderly recreation vehicle tourists: Life satisfaction Journal of Leisure Research, 12, 198-204. Reardon, R., Mundy, J. (1984). Career education and leisure education: Toward a k-12 life/development synthesis. Special Issue: The role of leisure in career development Journal-of-Career-Development, 11, 2, 110-118. Redfoot, D. (1984). Tourist authenticity, tourist angst and modern reality Qualitative Sociology,7, 291-309. Reid, D. (1988). The Needs of the Unemployed and the Ability of Leisure Providers to Respond Loisir-and-Societe / Society- and-Leisure, 11, 1, 117-127. Rojek, C. (1983). Emancipation and Demoralization: Contrasting Approaches in the Sociology of Leisure. Leisure-Studies, 2, 1, 83-96. Romsa, G., Bondy, P., and Blenman, M. (1985). Modeling retirees' life satisfaction levels: The role of recreational, life cycle and socio-environmental elements Journal-of-Leisure-Research, 17, 1, 29-39. Rubenstein, S. (1980). Survey reports on how Americans view vacations. Psychology Today, 62-76. Sayers, S. (1986). Work, Leisure and Human Needs Thesis-Eleven, 14, 79-96. Scelfo, J., Micali, J. (1978). A vacation program for the trainable mentally retarded student Education, 98, 4, 460- 461. Scholz, H. (1975). The Importance of Individual Consumption for Leisure Formation and Planning Society-and-Leisure, 7, 4, 87-95. Schul, R, & Crompton, J. L. (1983). Search behavior of international vacationers: Travel-specific lifestyle and sociodemographic variables. Journal of Travel Research, (Fall), 25-30. Shank, J. (1983). Self-nurturance through leisure: An issue in the counseling of dual career women Women-and-Therapy, 2, 1, 63-68. Sheryn, W. (1973). Recreational Planning in a British Town Community-Development- Journal, 8, 3, 150-154. Sigaux,H. (1966). History of tourism London: Leisure Art. Sirvent, M. (1983). Leisure Time, Popular Culture and Education: Case Studies in the Urban Peripheries of Latin American Cities Loisir-and-Societe / Society-and- Leisure, 6, 2, 325-355. Snayal, N. & mcLaughlin, W. (1993). The link between hunting goals and harvest outcome Leisure-Sciences, 15, 3, 189- 204. Sprincova, S. (1975). Tourism and Recreation as Object of Geographic Investigations Society-and-Leisure, 7, 4, 97- 115. Sulkowski, B. (1978). Motivational Associations between Play and Work; Motywacyjne zwiazki miedzy zabawa a praca Kultura-i-Spoleczenstwo, 22, 1-2, 175-190. Sutton, W. Jr. (1967). Travel and understanding: Notes on the social structure of tourism. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 8. Swedner, H. (1972). On Need-ladders and Resource-ladders Society-and-Leisure, 4, 5-21. Thomas, J. (1964). What makes people travel? Asia Travel News, 64-65. Thomason, P., Crompton, J. L., & Kamp, B. D. (1979). A study of the attitudes of impacted groups within a host community toward prolonged stay tourist visitors. Journal of Travel Research, 22 (Winter), 2-6. Tinsley, H., Eldredge, B. (1995). Psychological benefits of leisure participation: A taxonomy of leisure activities based on their need-gratifying properties Journal-of-Counseling-Psychology, 42, 2, 123-132. Tinsley, H. & Kass, R. A. (1978). Leisure activities and need satisfaction: A replication and extension. Journal of Leisure Research, 10(3), 191-202. Unger, L. S., & Kernan, J. B. (1983). On the meaning of leisure: An investigation of some determinants of the subjective experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 9, 381 -392. United States Travel and Tourism Administration Survey of International Air Travelers (USTTA): January-December 1987. Updated 10-18-1995 Van-der-Drift, k. (1986). De dagindeling van studenten: een praktijkvoorbeeld. / Student time utilization: A case study Tijdschrift-Voor-Onderwijsresearch, 11, 4, 177-186. Van-Parys, G. (1974). Mass Media and Leisure Time: Some Ethical Considerations; Mass- media in de vrije tijd: enkele ethische aspecten Tijdschrift-voor-Sociale- Wetenschappen, 19, 1, 3, 25. Wahlers, R., Etzel, M. (1985). Vacation preference as a manifestation of optimal stimulation and lifestyle experience Journal-of-Leisure-Research, 17, 4, 283-295. Warger, C. (1984). Creative drama for autistic adolescents: Expanding leisure and recreational options Journal-of- Child-and-Adolescent-Psychotherapy, 1, 1, 15-19. Waters, S. (1966). The American tourist. Annals of American Academy of Political and Social Science. White, J., Gruber, K. (1985). Gender differences in leisure-need activity patterns Sex-Roles, 12, 11-12, 1173-1186. Whitsun, D. (1987). Leisure, the State and Collective Consumption Sociological-Review- Monograph, 33, 229-253. Wilhite,B., Hamilton, K., and Reilly, L. (1988). Recreational travel and the elderly: Marketing strategies with a normalization perspective Activities,-Adaptation-andAging, 12, 1-2, 59-72. Wilkinson, M. (1975). Leisure: An alternate to the meaning of work Journal-of-Applied- Rehabilitation-Counseling, 6, 2, 73-77. Williams, R. (1977). Psychological approaches ton the study of leisure Bulletin-of-the British- Psychological- Society, 30, 8-12. Wnuk-Lipinski, E. (1976). Patterns of Leisure and Development of Women's Personality Society-and-Leisure, 8, 3, 241-252. Wolf, E. (1982). Adolescence; Psychology of the self and self-objects. Adolescent-Psychiatry, 10, 171-181. Woodside, A. C., & Jacobs, L. W. (1985). Step two in benefit segmentation: Learning the benefits realized by major travel markets. Journal of Travel Research, (Summer), 7-13.