7
Tolls and internal customs barriers.
§
England: monarch opposed tolls
without a
quid pro quo
of service.
§
Royal permission needed.
§
Inhabitants could demand audit.
§
Gradual disappearance of tolls.
§
Separated foreign from domestic:
§
“customs” vs. “tolls.”
§
National customs system, 1275-
1350.
§
Early power of monarchy.
Rembrandt, detail from
The Moneychanger
(1627),
Staatliche Museen, Gemäldegalerie, Berlin.
