7
Crop rotation.
§Spring crop:
§Oats/barley or peas/beans.
§Harvested in summer.
§Autumn sowing of wheat or rye, harvested following summer.
§A year fallow.
§Nitrogen fixing by soil bacteria.
§Manure from pasturing.
Three-course rotation in wide use by ninth century.
Four seasons and seasonal labors. From Bartholomaeus Anglicus (Bartholomew the Englishman), On the Properties of Things. France, Le Mans 15th Century. Bibliothèque Nationale de France.