Economics 242
International Trade
John Stiver
Room 3.61
Phone: 251-8433
Email: jstiver@stamford.uconn.edu
Web: www.sp.uconn.edu/~jstiver
Office Hours: Tuesday & Thursday: 2:30 – 4:30 or by Appt.
Textbooks:
- James Markusen, James Melvin, William Kaempfer, and Keith Maskus, International
Trade: Theory and Evidence, McGraw-Hill, 1995. (MMKM)
- Philip King, International Economics and International Economic Policy
3rd edition, McGraw-Hill, 1999. (PK)
Other Sources:
- Caves, Richard, Jeffery Frankel and Ronald Jones, World Trade and
Payments 6th ed., Harper Collins; 1993.
- Dunn, Robert Jr. and James C. Ingram, International Economics 4th
ed., John Wiley and Sons; 1996
- Kreinin, Mordechai, International Economics; A Policy Approach 8th
ed., The Dryden Press; 1998
- Grossman, Gene and Kenneth Rogoff eds., Handbook of International
Economics, volume 3, Elsevier Science; 1995.
- Krugman, Paul, and Maurice Obstfeld, International Economics; Theory and
Policy 3rd ed., Harper Collins; 1992.
- Pugel, Thomas and Peter Lindert, International Economics 11th
edition, Mcgraw-Hill, 2000.
Grading: There will be three midterms given during the semester
(approximately once a month), a cumulative final given during finals week, and
weekly homework assignments. To determine your grade, you have two options:
1. Drop your lowest midterm grade
Midterms = 40%
Final = 40%
Homework = 20%
2. Use
all three midterm grades
Midterms = 60%
Final = 20%
Homework = 20%
Academic Misconduct: Academic misconduct in any form is in violation of
the University Student Conduct Code and will not be tolerated. This includes,
but is not limited to, copying or sharing answers on tests or assignments,
plagiarism,, and having someone else do your academic work. Depending on the
act, a student could receive an F grade on the test/assignment, F grade for the
course, or could be suspended or expelled.
I: Introduction
Why do countries trade with each other? In a nutshell, because they are different.
Most of these differences are found in countries’ abilities to produce goods
and services. These differing abilities are the result of such things as factor
endowments, technological know-how, market structure, public policy, and so on.
Understanding why a country trades is a vital step in understanding the consequences
of trade.
II: General Equilibrium Models & The Gains from Trade
Unfortunately, to understand why countries trade, we need to get a handle
on the relationships between a country’s technology, preferences, and factor
endowments, and that country’s production patterns and prices. This
necessarily involves general equilibrium theory (the simultaneous interaction of
several markets). In this section, we will work through a basic general
equilibrium model and use it to identify the gains from trade. The tools
developed in this section will be used repeatedly. It would be wise to learn
them!
- MMKM, chapters 2-5
- Arrow, Kenneth and Frank Hahn (1971), General Competitive Analysis,
North Holland, New York
- Hicks, John, (1939), Value and Capital, Oxford University Press,
Oxford
- Green, H.A.J (1976), Consumer Theory, Macmillan, London
- Meade, J.E. (1952), A Geometry of International Trade, Allan &Unwin.,
London
- Johnson, H.G., (1959), "International Trade, Income Distribution, and
the Offer Curve", Manchester School, 27, 241-260.
III: Models of International Trade
In this section, we will look at a variety of models of international trade.
Each model is unique in that it focuses on a different cause of trade between
countries. The first of these, the Ricardian Model, should look familiar – it
is often taught in introductory classes. It concentrates on technological
differences. From there we move on to differences in factor supplies (H-O and
Specific Factors). Finally, we will cover some of the "New Trade"
theory that emphasizes market structure and increasing returns to scale.
- MMKM 6-14
- Ricardo, David (1817), On the principles of Political Economy and
Taxation, John Murrow, London
- Dornbusch, R., Fischer, S., and Paul Samuelson, (1977) "Comparative
Advantage, Trade, and Payments in a Ricardian Model with a Continuum of
Goods", American Economic Review, 65, 297-308.
- Jones, Ronald, W. (1979), "Technological Progress and Real Income in
a Ricardian Trade Model", International Trade: Essays in Theory,
North Holland, Amsterdam
- Samuelson, Paul (1948), "International Trade and The Equalization of
Factor Prices", Economic Journal, 58, 163-184
- Samuelson, Paul (1949), "International Factor Price Equalization:
Once Again", Economic Journal, 59, 181-197
- Jones, Ronald (1956), "Factor Proportions and the Heckscher Ohlin
Theorem", Review of Economic Studies, 24, 1-10.
- Rybczynski, T., (1955), "Factor Endowments and Relative Commodity
Prices", Economica, 22, 336-341.
- Grossman, G.M., ed. (1992), Imperfect Competition and International
Trade, MIT Press, Cambridge
- Brander, J., (1981), "Intra-Industry Trade in Identical
Commodities", Journal of International Economics, 11; 1-14.
- Krugman, Paul (1979), "Increasing Returns, Monopolistic Competition,
and International Trade", Journal of International Economics,
IV: International Economic Policy
To this point, we’ve looked at the two extremes: no trade (autarky) and
free trade. Now we will venture in the "gray area" in between –
protected trade. A country has many different tools to prevent or restrict trade
– tariffs and quotas are the most common. In this section, we will see that
the optimal trade policy relies heavily on the underlying reasons behind trade.
- MMKM, chapters 15-20
.
- Lerner, A,, (1936), "The Symmetry Between Import and Export
Taxes", Economica, 11, 306-313.
- Johnson, H.G, (1954), "Optimal Tariffs and Retaliation", Review
of Economic Studies, 21, 142-153.
- Bhagwatti, J, (1971), "The Generalized Theory of Distortions and
Welfare", Trade, Balance of Payments and Growth: Essays in Honor of
Charles Kindleberger, North Holland, Amsterdam.
- Bhagwati, J. (1968), "More on the Equivalence of Tariffs and
Quotas", American Economic Review, 58, 142-146.
- Feenstra, R., (1992), "How Costly is Protectionism?", Journal
of Economic Perspectives, 6, 159-178.
- Eaton, J. and G. Grossman, (1985), "Optimal Trade and Industrial
Policy Under Oligopoly", Quarterly Journal of Economics 101,
383-406.
- Helpman, E., and Paul Krugman, (1989), Trade Policy and Market
Structure, MIT Press, Cambridge.
- Brander, J. and Barbara Spencer (1985), "Export Subsidies and
International Market Share Rivalry", Journal of International
Economics, 18: 227-242.
- Krishna, K. (1989), "Trade Restrictions as Facilitating
Practices", Journal of International Economics, 26: 251-270.
- Spencer, Barbara and James Spencer, (1983), "International R&D
Rivalry and Industrial Strategy", Review of Economic Studies, 50,
707-722.
V: Trade in Factors and Foreign Direct Investment
In this section re relax the traditional assumption of trade models –
that factors of production are immobile between countries. We can basically
identify two types of factor movement: labor (migration) and capital (foreign
direct investment).
- MMKM, chapters 21 –23
- Jones, Ronald (1967), "International Capital Movements and the Theory
of Tariffs", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 81: 1-38.
- Jones, Ronald, I. Coehlo, and S. Easton, "The Theory of International
Factor Flows: The Basic Model", Journal of International Economics,
20: 313-327.
- Samuelson, Paul (1952), "The Transfer Problem and Transportation
Costs: The Terms of Trade When Impediments are Absent", Economic
Journal, 62: 278-304.
- Ethier, W., (1986), "The Multinational Firm", Quarterly
Journal of Economics, 80: 805-833.
- Caves, Richard, (1982), Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis,
Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
- Lucas, Robert (1988) " On the Mechanics of Economic
Development", Journal of Monetary Economics, 22: 3-42.
- Romer, Paul (1987), "Growth Bases on Increasing Returns Due to
Specialization", American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings
77: 56-62.
- Grossman, Gene and E. Helpman (1993a), Innovation and Growth in the
Global Economy, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Warning: For entertainment purposes only. All dates and topics are subject to
change. May cause drowsiness. Do not use while operating heavy machinery.