Biology 107

Study Guide: Animal Development.

Chapter 47

1. What is the acrosomal reaction? What is contained in the acrosome of a sperm cell?

2. What are the mechanisms that prevent more than one sperm from fertilizing an egg (polyspermy)?

3. What protein in the zona pellucida is the receptor for the sperm cell? What are the blocks to polyspermy in the fertilized mammalian egg?

4. What are the three stages in the development of the zygote? What are the cells called after cleavage? What might some of the differences be in the cytoplasm of the different blastomeres? What are the two poles in most animal zygotes?

5. What is a gray crescent? How do the cleavage planes in a developing frog egg relate to the gray crescent?

6. What is a morula? What is the difference between a morula and a blastula?

7. What is gastrulation? How does it lead to the three primary germ layers? What body tissues and organs develop from each of the three primary germ layers?

8. What is invagination? How can invagination lead to an archenteron? What is involution?

9. What is organogenesis? What are some of the early events in organogenesis?

10. What is the notochord? In which tissue layer does it develop? What are the sequence of events in formation of the neural tube? Which tissue layer does the neural tube arise from? How does the notochord participate in the formation of the neural tube? What structures are derived from the neural crest?

11. What is induction?