Study Guide 4
Last revised: Tuesday, January 29, 2002

Topic: Carbohydrates and Lipids

Chapter 5.

Chapter 5. There's a lot of information in Chapter 5, and it will take us at least two lectures to cover this material. I strongly recommend the Biology Place tutorial on "Properties of Biomolecules" as additional study material

1. Terms. Be able to recognize and correctly apply the following terms:

   Polymer	Monomer	Condensation reaction	Dehydration reaction
   Hydrolysis	Monosaccharide	Disaccharide	Polysaccharide
   Saturated fat	Unsaturated fat	Fatty acid	Phospholipid
   Glycerol	Steroid

   
   
2. Be able to recognize a dehydration condensation reaction and a hydrolysis reaction. Which one would be involved in the digestion of starch? In the synthesis of a disaccharide?
3.  Be able to recognize the names of common monosaccharides & disaccharides. Remember the typical ending “-ose”. What are special features of glucose? fructose? sucrose? lactose?
4. Enzymes are needed to hydrolyze all complex sugars to monomers before they can be used by cells. Enzyme names typically end in “-ase”, similar in appearance to sugar endings, but very different in meaning!
5. Distinguish glycogen, starch, cellulose, and chitin. What monomer are they made from? where would you find each (note that cellulose is by far the most abundant biomolecule in the world — almost 70% of organic carbon is in the form of cellulose.) Which two of these are most similar to each other?
6. Relatively few organisms can use lactose as an energy source, whereas many can use glucose. Why?
7. What is a lipid? what is a “glyceride”? What are triglycerides? phospholipids? How is each made? give some examples.
8. How do saturated fats differ from unsaturated fats? Which would you find in peanut oil? In bacon fat? In human fat cells?
9. What are steroids? Be able to recognize the structure of a steroid.

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